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- Name : Calcium
- Symbol : Ca
- Atomic # : 20
- Atom weight: 40.08
- Melting P. : 839
- Boiling P. : 1484
- Oxidation : +2
- Pronounced : KAL-si-em
- From : Latin calx, ancient name for lime
- Identified : Sir Humphry Davy in 1807; Most compounds known in ancients
- Appearance : Fairly hard, silvery-white metal
- Note : About 2% of human body is composed of calcium
-
- [Properties]
-
- Calcium is the most familiar member of Group IIA elements, or alkaline-
- earth metals. Prior to 1800s, chemists did not regard these elements -
- magnesium (Mg) and calcium, for instance - as metals. The elements form
- hydroxides quite readily, so they were classified as alkaline substances.
- Furthermore, they were derived from common ores taken form the earth;
- therefore, it seemed proper to refer to them as earth elements. We now
- know that the Group-IIA elemetns are metals, but the older nomenclature
- remains.
- Calcium has a lustrous, slightly grayish appearance when it is first
- cut. Surfaces exposed to the air tarnish to show a duller finish. The
- metal is a good conductor of electricity, although there is no practical
- application for this property.
- Like the other metals on the left-hand side of the periodic table,
- calcium is a very active metal. It combines slowly with dry air to produce
- a protective coating of an oxide and a nitride. This accounts for the
- tarnish that soon dulls an otherwise shiny surface on the metal. The
- compounds in this instance are quite effective at preventing further
- corrosion of the metal.
- Calcium metal does not combine with water explosively as do many of
- highly reactive metals, but it does bubble off hydrogen gas and produce
- calcium hydroxide.
-